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| website = (Official website from Universalmusic ) }} Serge Gainsbourg (born Lucien Ginsburg;〔Ginsburg is sometimes spelled Ginzburg in the media, including print encyclopedias and dictionaries. However, Ginsburg is the name engraved on , and "Lucien Ginsburg" is the name by which Gainsbourg is referred to, as a performer, in the Sacem catalog () (along with "Serge Gainsbourg" as the author/composer/adaptor)〕 (:sɛʁʒ ɡɛ̃sbuʁ); 2 April 1928 – 2 March 1991)〔(allmusic Biography )〕 was a French singer, songwriter, pianist, film composer, poet, painter, screenwriter, writer, actor, and director.〔Obituary ''Variety'', 11 March 1991.〕 Regarded as one of the most important figures in French popular music, he was renowned for his often provocative and scandalous releases, as well as his diverse artistic output, which embodied genres ranging from jazz, mambo, world, chanson, pop and yé-yé, to rock and roll, progressive rock, reggae, electronic, disco, new wave, and funk. Gainsbourg's varied musical style and individuality make him difficult to categorize although his legacy has been firmly established and he is often regarded as one of the world's most influential popular musicians. His lyrical work incorporated a vast amount of clever word play to hoodwink the listener, often for humorous, provocative, satirical or subversive reasons. Common types of word play in his songs include mondegreen, onomatopoeia, rhyme, spoonerism, dysphemism, paraprosdokian and pun. Through the course of his career, Gainsbourg wrote over 550 songs,〔(''Vanity Fair'', "The Secret World of Serge Gainsbourg", November 2007 )〕〔:fr:Liste des chansons de Serge Gainsbourg〕 which have been covered more than a thousand times by a wide range of artists.〔:fr:Reprises des chansons de Serge Gainsbourg〕 Since his death, Gainsbourg's music has reached legendary stature in France. He has also gained a cult following in the English-speaking world, with numerous artists influenced by his arrangements. ==Biography== Born in Paris, France, Gainsbourg was the son of Jewish Ukrainian migrants, Joseph Ginsburg (28 December 1898, in Kharkov, now Ukraine then Russian Empire – 22 April 1971) and Olga〔Sometimes spelled Olia, his mother's actual given name was Olga, as written on 〕 (née Bessman; 1894 – 16 March 1985), who fled to Paris after the 1917 Russian Revolution.〔Benjamin Ivry: (The Man With the Yellow Star: The Jewish Life of Serge Gainsbourg ), ''The Jewish Daily Forward'', 26 November 2008.〕〔(Great Jewish Music ), Deconstruction in Music.〕 Joseph Ginsburg was a classically trained musician whose profession was playing the piano in cabarets and casinos; he taught his children, Gainsbourg and his twin sister Liliane to play the piano.〔http://www.vanityfair.com, Robinson, Lisa, Legends, "''The World of Serge Gainsbourg''," November, 2007, retrieved 3 September 2012〕 Gainsbourg's childhood was profoundly affected by the occupation of France by Germany in World War II. The identifying ''yellow star'' Jews were required to wear became a symbol and haunted Gainsbourg and which in later years he was able to transmute into creative inspiration. During the occupation, the Jewish Ginsburg family was able to make their way from Paris to Limoges, traveling under false papers. Limoges was in the Zone libre under the administration of the collaborationist Vichy government and still a perilous refuge for Jews. After the war, Gainsbourg obtained work teaching music and drawing in a school outside of Paris, in Mesnil-Le-Roi. The school was set up under the auspices of local rabbis, for the orphaned children of murdered deportees. Here Gainsbourg heard the accounts of Nazi persecution and genocide, stories that resonated for Gainsbourg far into the future.〔http://www.m.forward.com, Ivry, Benjamin, "''When You Feel The Jewish Life of Serge Gainsbourg''," 26 November 2008, retrieved 4 September 2012〕 Before he was 30 years old, Gainsbourg was a disillusioned painter but earned his living as a piano player in bars. Gainsbourg changed his first name to Serge, feeling that this was representative of his Russian background and because, as Jane Birkin relates: "Lucien reminded him of a hairdresser's assistant."〔http://www.vanityfair.com, Robinson, Lisa, Legends, "The World of Serge Gainsbourg," November, 2007, retrieved 3 September 2012〕 He chose Gainsbourg as his last name, in homage to the English painter Thomas Gainsborough, whom he admired.〔http://www.notablebiography.com, "Serge Gainsbourg," retrieved 3 September 2012〕 He married Elisabeth "Lize" Levitsky on 3 November 1951 and divorced in 1957. He married a second time on 7 January 1964, to Françoise-Antoinette "Béatrice" Pancrazzi (b. 28 July 1931), with whom he had two children: a daughter named Natacha (b. 8 August 1964) and a son, Paul (born in spring 1968). He divorced Béatrice in February 1966. In late 1967 he had a short but ardent love affair with Brigitte Bardot, to whom he dedicated the song and album ''Initials BB''. In mid-1968 Gainsbourg fell in love with the younger English singer and actress Jane Birkin, whom he met during the shooting of the film ''Slogan''. Their relationship lasted over a decade. In 1971 they had a daughter, the actress and singer Charlotte Gainsbourg. Although many sources state that they were married,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Best-Looking Couples Ever ) (【引用サイトリンク】title=Jane Birkin )〕 according to their daughter Charlotte this was not the case.〔 Birkin left Gainsbourg in 1980. Birkin remembers the beginning of her affair with Gainsbourg: he first took her to a nightclub, then to a transvestite club and afterwards to the Hilton hotel where he passed out in a drunken stupor. Birkin left Gainsbourg when pregnant with her third daughter Lou by the film director Jacques Doillon. His last partner was Bambou (Caroline Paulus, grandniece of German field marshal Friedrich Paulus of Stalingrad fame). In 1986, they had a son, Lucien (known as Lulu).〔 In 2010, Lise Lévitzky published a book called "Lise et Lulu" which raises the possibility of the homosexuality of Serge Gainsbourg.〔http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Serge-Gainsbourg/news-74677.html〕〔http://www.oserenparler.com/lhomosexualite/defgay/〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Serge Gainsbourg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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